Школьник Украины

Общие способы получения кислот

Общие способы получения кислот. Использование кислот
Способ добывания кислоты зависит от того, является ли кислота кислородсодержащие или безоксигеновою. Кислородсодержащие кислоты (кроме кремниевой кислоты) могут быть добыты при взаимодействии кислотных оксидов с водой. Безоксигенови кислоты могут быть добыты при непосредственном взаимодействии неметаллов с водородом. Как кислородсодержащие, так и безоксигенови кислоты можно получить реакцией обмена между солями и другими кислотами. Рассмотрим примеры уравнений химических реакций, которые подтверждают указанные способы добывания кислот.

1. Взаимодействие неметаллов с водородом: H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl 2. Взаимодействие кислотных оксидов с водой: SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 3. Взаимодействие солей с кислотами: Na2SiO3 + 3HCl = H2SiO3 ¯ + 2NaCl
Кислоты используют в промышленности и научных исследованиях. Широко применяются такие кислоты, как соляная, серная, нитратная. Соляная кислота HCl используется в производстве неорганических хлоридов, лекарств, красителей, многих органических веществ, содержащих хлор. Серная кислота H2SO4 используется в производстве минеральных удобрений, красителей, взрывчатых веществ, пластмасс, в металлургии при извлечении металлов. Азотная кислота HNO3 используется в производстве минеральных удобрений, пластмасс и искусственных волокон, лекарственных веществ, для обработки металлических поверхностей.

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